Q23 - Phlorizin, SGLT2 Inhibition, and Diabetic Mouse Kidney Physiology

Theoretical A Real exam question - full text reproduced under IBO's CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license

A group of researchers conducted an experiment to study the effects of phlorizin on some physiological indices in blood and urine of normal mice and diabetic mice. Phlorizin is an inhibitor of SGLT2 which is the channel of glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Assume expression of SGLT2 gene is positively correlated with urine glucose level and blood glucose also correlates positively with blood pressure. Mice were divided into four groups: Group 1: Normal mice were injected with phlorizin Group 2: Mice with severe type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin injection Group 3: Streptozotocin induced-type 2 diabetic mice were injected with phlorizin Group 4: Normal mice as controls After the four-week experiment, physiological indicators of blood, urine and renal SGLT2 expression of the mice were measured.

Using the information and data, determine which of the statements are true or which are false.

A. The blood pressure of Group 3 mice was lower than that of Group 2 mice.

B. The SGLT2 gene expression levels in the kidneys of Group 2 mice were lower than those of Group 4 mice.

C. The volume of urine of Group 1 mice was higher than that of Group 4 mice.

D. The quantity of SGLT2 molecules in the kidney medulla is higher than that in the kidney cortex.

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Question reproduced from IBO 2016, Theoretical Paper A, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 - attributed to the International Biology Olympiad. Open the full exam PDF · Community solutions (unofficial)